Marine Mammals Down from Outdated Statistics

Marine Mammals Down from Outdated Statistics



October 2007

 Marine mammals are 
being managed based on outdated population figures that show more animals 
than actually exist. Conservationists warn that this failure to provide 
accurate counts puts shrinking populations of polar bears, walrus, sea 
otters, and manatees in harms way. 
Two conservation organizations have filed a lawsuit against Interior 
Secretary Dirk Kempthorne for failing to take into account the latest 
information on global warming and population numbers in management 
decisions concerning protected marine mammals. 
The suit, filed Thursday by the Center for Biological Diversity and Turtle 
Island Restoration Network in federal court in the Northern District of 
California, seeks to force the federal government to issue updated stock 
assessment reports for marine mammals ranging from Florida to Alaska. 
Stock assessments are population estimates that include information on the 
range of the species and threats to its survival. 
The Marine Mammal Protection Act requires that the Secretary of the 
Interior and the Secretary of Commerce prepare stock assessments for 
marine mammals. 
The assessments are meant to be used as the basis for management decisions 
such as permitting the killing or harassment of the animals from 
commercial fisheries, oil and gas exploration, boating and shipping, and 
military exercises. 
To ensure that decisionmakers have the most accurate information, stock 
assessments are supposed to be revised every year for endangered marine 
mammals and every three years for other species. 
While the Secretary of Commerce, which is responsible for whales, 
dolphins, and seals, has largely complied with this requirement, the 
Secretary of the Interior, responsible for polar bears, walrus, sea 
otters, and manatees, has completely ignored it, the groups say. 
The most recent stock assessments for California sea otters and Florida 
manatees are more than 12 years old, while polar bear and walrus 
assessments are more than five years old. 
"Since the last stock assessments, large areas of the Arctic sea-ice 
habitat of the walrus and polar bear have melted away. Yet the Department 
of the Interior continues to hand out permits to the oil industry as if it 
were living in the past," said Miyoko Sakashita, staff attorney with the 
Center for Biological Diversity. "This lawsuit seeks to bring Interior 
into the 21st century." 
Since the last polar bear assessment in 2002, the species has been 
proposed for listing as threatened under the Endangered Species Act due to 
global warming, and a study by government scientists concluded that polar 
bears will be extinct in Alaska by mid-century without steep greenhouse 
gas reductions. 
Yet the official stock assessment for polar bears in the Beaufort Sea off 
Alaska, which is used as the basis for critical management decisions, 
states that the population is "stable" and estimated at over 2,000 animals 
- far above the current best estimate of 1,500 bears and falling. 
Based on its outdated stock assessment, the Department of the Interior has 
recently issued a blanket authorization under the Marine Mammal Protection 
Act to the oil industry in the Beaufort Sea to harass polar bears. 
Stock assessments for the California sea otter and Florida manatee are 
even more out of date, and have never been revised since the first reports 
were issued in 1995. Recent years have been particularly deadly for 
manatees, with dozens killed by collisions with vessels and disease, while 
otters have suffered from disease outbreaks. 
"Good management requires good information," said Todd Steiner, executive 
director of Turtle Island Restoration Network. "But when it comes to 
protecting manatees and sea otters, the Interior Department has a 
head-in-the-sand approach to management." 
The lawsuit covers the California sea otter, the Washington stock of the 
sea otter, three sea otter stocks in Alaska, the Pacific walrus, two polar 
bear stocks in Alaska, the Florida manatee, and the Antillean manatee in 
Puerto Rico. 

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